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- <text id=93CT1810>
- <link 90TT2994>
- <link 89TT2496>
- <title>
- Norway--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- Europe
- Norway
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> The Viking period (9th to 11th centuries) was one of national
- unification and expansion for Norway. The Norwegian royal line
- died out in 1319, and the country entered a period of "union"
- with Denmark. By 1536, Norway had become part of the Danish
- Kingdom. In 1814, as a result of the Napoleonic wars, Norway was
- separated from Denmark and joined with Sweden. A movement for
- independence, which resulted in the adoption of the constitution
- of 1814, was put down by the Swedes. The union persisted until
- 1905, when Sweden recognized Norwegian independence.
- </p>
- <p> The Norwegian Government offered the throne of Norway to
- Danish Prince Carl in 1905. After a plebiscite approving the
- establishment of a monarchy, the parliament unanimously elected
- him king. He took the name of Haakon VII, harking back to the
- kings of independent Norway. He reigned until his death in 1957,
- when he was succeeded by his son, Olav V. Olav's son, Harald,
- is crown prince and heir apparent. Norway was a nonbelligerent
- during World War I, but as a result of the German invasion and
- occupation during World War II, Norwegians generally became
- skeptical of the concept of neutrality and turned instead to
- collective security. Norway was one of the signers of the North
- Atlantic Treaty in 1949 and was a founding member of the United
- Nations. The first UN General Secretary, Trygve Lie, was a
- Norwegian.
- </p>
- <p>Current Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> Until the 1981 election, Norway had been governed by Labor
- Party governments since 1935 with the exception of three periods
- (1963, 1965-71, and 1972-73). The Labor Party lost its majority
- in the Storting in the 1961 elections; thereafter, when in
- power, its rule has depended largely upon support of other
- parties, according to the issue under consideration.
- </p>
- <p> Labor dropped to 66 seats in the 1981 election, and the
- Conservative Party, with 53 seats, formed a minority government
- with the parliamentary backing of two other nonsocialist
- parties, the Center Party and the Christian People's Party.
- Kaare Willoch, chairman of the Conservatives, became prime
- minister. In June 1983, the Conservative government was
- reorganized into a majority coalition government including
- ministers from the Christian People's and Center Parties. The
- three-party coalition suffered a setback in the 1985 election
- and was therefore obliged to depend upon support from the
- Progress Party to maintain a parliamentary majority on key
- issues. The coalition lost a vote of confidence in April 1986,
- when the Progress Party joined opposition parties in voting
- against a proposed gasoline tax increase. Because under the
- Norwegian constitution the parliament cannot be dissolved,the
- Labor Party agreed to form a minority government in May 1986. In
- order to remain in power until the September 1989 election, on
- every key issue the Labor Party has needed the support of at
- least a few votes from the parties that comprised the former
- Conservative-led coalition government.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, July
- 1989.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-